Mechanical energy is the sum of potential and kinetic energy. Energy is a scalar quantity measured in joules. Potential energy depends on position under conservative forces. Kinetic energy depends on speed and is calculated as half mass times square speed
Generators convert mechanical or fuel-based energy into electric power. First electromagnetic generator, Faraday disk, invented by Michael Faraday in 1831. Generators consist of rotating rotor and stationary stator with magnetic field
Induction motor converts electrical energy into mechanical energy using electromagnetic induction. It functions as a rotating transformer with stationary primary winding and rotating secondary winding
Conservative force is independent of the path taken to do work. Examples include magnetic force, gravitational force, and electrostatic force. Work done by conservative force is zero in closed loops
Electric motor converts electrical energy into mechanical energy. Works on principle of coil rotation in magnetic field. Basic components include rectangular coil, magnets, split rings, and brushes
Total energy remains constant in any process. Energy can change form but total remains same. Conservation equation includes all forms except mechanical energy