Marxism is a 19th-century social, political, and economic theory. Society is characterized by conflict between workers (proletariat) and capitalists (bourgeoisie). Workers perform labor for profit while bourgeoisie owns and controls means of production
Literary theory interprets works of art through lenses like eyeglasses. Literary criticism evaluates literature using literary theories. Different theories reveal underlying meanings in texts
International Relations emerged as a theoretical discipline after World War I. Carr and Morgenthau established foundational theories in 1939 and 1948. Discipline initially focused on understanding war causes and preventing conflict
Proletariat refers to wage-earners whose economic value is their labor power. Term originated from Roman census of citizens owning 11,000 assēs or fewer. Proletarii were lowest class in Roman Comitia Centuriata, lacking voting rights
International Relations emerged as a theoretical discipline after World War I. Carr and Morgenthau established foundational theories in 1939 and 1948. Discipline initially focused on understanding war causes and preventing conflict
Liberalism and realism are the two central theories in IR. Liberalism views humans as inherently good and advocates peaceful international relations. Realism explains international anarchy and sees war as inevitable. Both theories emphasize states as dominant actors in IR