Logic gates convert voltage inputs into 1s and 0s. Gates can be combined infinitely to create complex digital circuits. Transistors can be used as electronic switches in logic gates
NOT gate outputs opposite of input, driven to ground when conducting. AND gate outputs high when both inputs are high, outputs low otherwise. NAND gate outputs low when both inputs are high, outputs high otherwise. OR gate outputs high when either input is high, outputs low otherwise. NOR gate outputs high when both inputs are low, outputs low otherwise
Decoder converts digital signals into corresponding decimal code. It is the most commonly used circuit before encoders. Decoder accepts binary code as input, unlike encoder
Active devices recommended for new designs. Lifebuy status indicates discontinuation with buy period. NRND indicates support for existing customers. Review status means device announced but not in production. Obsolete indicates discontinued production
Designing flame detection circuit for toxic waste incinerator. Multiple sensors needed to prevent uncontrolled waste release. System requires valve opening only when all sensors detect flame
std_logic and std_ulogic are VHDL extension types requiring IEEE 1164 package. std_logic is resolved, while std_ulogic is unresolved. Both types can represent '1', '0', 'U', 'X', 'Z', 'W', 'L', 'H', '-' values