Objects maintain their state of motion unless acted upon by an unbalanced force. Objects resist changes in their state of motion. The condition for first law to apply is balanced forces
Equation is d = vt + 1/2*(at²). Equation needs to be rearranged to simplify
Moment of inertia measures rotational inertia relative to fixed axis. SI unit is kg·m², imperial units are lb·ft·s² or lb·ft². Always positive value, cannot be negative
Galileo used inclined planes to slow down free fall acceleration. All quantities except velocity and speed are vector. Average speed requires velocity and distance measurements. Objects fall with constant acceleration in vacuum
Pulley is a wheel with groove for holding rope or cable. Used to change force direction, transmit motion, or achieve mechanical advantage. First documented block and tackle system by Archimedes according to Plutarch
Pneumatic cylinders use compressed gas to produce reciprocating linear motion. Compressed air enters through one end, displacing the piston. Pneumatics are quieter, cleaner, and require less storage space