Caribou (Rangifer tarandus) is a North American subspecies of deer. Name comes from Mi'kmaq word meaning "the shoveller". Range extends from Alaska to Canadian Rockies
Climate varies by latitude and geographic features. Southward travel brings warmer temperatures, westward travel drier. Western states have cold semi-arid climate, southwestern states hot desert. Northern areas have humid continental climate, transitioning to humid temperate. Southern Florida has tropical climate, warmest mainland region
Saudi Arabia occupies 80% of Arabian Peninsula, bordering Persian Gulf and Red Sea. Total land area is 2,250,000 km², with unclear borders with UAE, Oman, and Yemen. Less than 7% of area suitable for cultivation
Water birds live on or around water, with adaptations for feeding and diving. Some are terrestrial, while others are more aquatic. DNA sequencing helps classify aquatic birds through mitochondrial gene analysis
Grapes originated in Middle East 6,000-8,000 years ago. Earliest known winery found in Armenia, dating to 4000 BC. Ancient Egyptians, Greeks, Cypriots, Phoenicians and Romans cultivated purple grapes. Commandaria, oldest manufactured wine, dates back to 2000 BC
Located on Pacific coast of South America, stretching 1,600 km west of Andes. Covers 105,000 km2 area, including 128,000 km2 with Andes lower slopes. World's driest nonpolar desert, receiving less than polar deserts. Experiences extreme aridity since Middle Miocene, possibly oldest desert