Donkeys stand 35-51 inches tall and weigh 400-570 lbs. Horses reach 67 inches at shoulder and weigh up to 1,200 lbs. Donkeys can run at 15 mph, horses reach 30-55 mph. Donkeys have longer ears that often flop down
Sex-determination systems determine sexual characteristics in organisms. Most organisms have two common sexes and some intersex variations. Some species are hermaphrodites, others have single sex
Johannsen introduced genotype as a class of organisms sharing stable genotypic constituents. Phenotype refers to physical and behavioral traits of an organism. Johannsen rejected transmission-conception of heredity based on continuous variation
System determines sex in birds, fish, crustaceans, insects, flatworms, reptiles, and plants. Females have two dissimilar ZW chromosomes, males have two similar ZZ chromosomes. Sex determined by ovum, unlike XY system where sperm determines sex. Z chromosome is larger and has more genes than X chromosome
Homologous chromosomes are pairs of chromosomes with similar genes. They differ in length, centromere position, and staining pattern. One chromosome comes from mother, other from father. Humans have 46 chromosomes total, 22 pairs of homologous autosomes
Autosomes are non-sex chromosomes in diploid cells. Human genome contains 22 pairs of autosomes and one allosome pair. Autosome pairs have same morphology unlike allosomal pairs. DNA in autosomes is called atDNA or auDNA