Tietze syndrome is characterized by tender swelling in second or third costosternal cartilage. First described by Prof. Alexander Tietze in 1921. Affects people under 40, mainly during second and third decades. Occurs equally on both sides of thorax
AAST classification divides renal injuries into minor and major categories. Federle classification categorizes injuries based on CT findings. Most injuries (75-85%) are minor and treated conservatively
Mallet finger occurs when DIP joint is forced flexed while finger is in extension. Terminal extensor tendon is torn off dorsal rim of distal phalanx base. About 10 new cases per 100,000 per year, more common in men
Intervertebral discs provide flexibility and absorb spinal loads. Degeneration occurs from anular degeneration weakening the anulus fibrosus. Disc consists of four concentric layers with collagen and proteoglycan content