Most infected people show no symptoms. Characteristic symptoms include watery diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting. Diarrhea appears within 12 hours to 5 days after infection. Symptoms can last from 1 day to a week
Cholera originated in India and spread through contaminated food and water. Seven pandemics occurred, including the second one reaching the US. WHO reports 1.3-4 million cases annually worldwide. Disease is most common in areas with poor sanitation and famine
Cholera is a severe diarrheal disease caused by Vibrio cholerae bacteria. Untreated cases can be fatal within hours. Worldwide, 1.3-4.0 million cases and 21,000-143,000 deaths annually. Most infected people show no symptoms but can spread bacteria for 1-10 days
Case fatality rate (CFR) shows proportion of diagnosed disease patients dying. Infection fatality rate (IFR) includes asymptomatic and undiagnosed infections. CFR cannot exceed IFR and is often lower but harder to calculate
Cryptosporidium is a single-celled parasite found in human and animal faeces. Disease can be spread without symptoms, affecting over 45 animal species. Found in more than 50 countries across 6 continents
Vibrio is a Gram-negative bacteria with curved-rod shape. Highly salt tolerant and found in various salt water environments. All members are motile with polar or lateral flagella. Contains two chromosomes, unusual for bacteria