PSC is a progressive liver disease causing bile duct inflammation and scarring. Affects 75% of patients with inflammatory bowel disease, especially ulcerative colitis. Nearly half of patients are asymptomatic, often discovered incidentally. Symptoms include yellow skin, itching, abdominal pain, and liver enlargement
ALF occurs when liver cells lose 80-90% function rapidly after initial jaundice. Disease severity classified as hyperacute (within 1 week), acute (8-28 days), or subacute (4-12 weeks)
MASLD is a chronic liver disease characterized by excessive fat accumulation in the liver. Affects about 25% of people worldwide, with 75-100 million Americans affected in 2017. Most common in obese individuals (90%), diabetic patients (60%), and normal-weight people (20%)
More than a hundred different liver diseases exist. Viral hepatitis can be caused by hepatitis B and C viruses. Alcohol consumption leads to fatty liver disease and cirrhosis. Fatty liver disease occurs when triglycerides accumulate in liver cells. Cirrhosis results from fibrous tissue formation in liver cells
Hyperbilirubinemia is elevated blood bilirubin due to impaired metabolism. US records 52,500 jaundice patients annually. Bilirubin concentration above 3 mg/dL is considered hyperbilirubinemia
B-mode ultrasound with portal system Doppler is primary for liver assessment. SHRI (sonographic hepatorenal index) shows better steatosis detection than qualitative grading. Liver surface nodularity has better accuracy than echotexture for cirrhosis detection. Hepatic vein morphology provides reliable cirrhosis diagnosis with high specificity