Chromosome abnormalities involve missing, extra, or irregular DNA portions. Can occur in numerical (aneuploidy) or structural forms. Most arise during cell division errors after meiosis or mitosis. Can be inherited or occur spontaneously
An allele is a variant of nucleotide sequence at a specific DNA locus. Alleles can differ through single nucleotide polymorphisms or insertions/deletions. Most alleles have minimal effect on gene function
Classes bundle data and functionality together for creating new object types. Classes are created at runtime and can be modified after creation. Classes are objects themselves, allowing importing and renaming
Traits are characteristics expressed by genes and influenced by environment. Term comes from Latin "tractus" meaning notable quality
Eye color is determined by more than 50 genes, not just one. Eye color is controlled by melanin pigment in the iris stroma. Three main pigments: melanin, pheomelanin, and eumelanin. Brown eyes are dominant, blue eyes are recessive
C++ uses objects to model real-world problems with both data and functions. Objects have attributes (data) and behavior (functions). A class serves as a blueprint for objects, defining technical specifications. An object is an instance of a class