TB test required within 3 months of residence permit issuance. Permit allows work as highly skilled migrant and self-employed. Other work requires work permit (TWV)
Manual labour is physical work done by humans, contrasting with machine and animal labour. Manual labour and animal labour have been primary for most human history. Mechanisation and automation significantly expanded in 18th-19th centuries
MPL is the change in output from employing one additional unit of labor. It is the first derivative of the production function. Graphically, MPL is the slope of the production function
Average wage is total income after taxes divided by total employed employees. OECD dataset provides data on full-time and full-year equivalent wages. Wages are adjusted for purchasing power parity (PPP)
Non-EU citizens can enter Germany with Opportunity Card without permanent employment contract. Applicants must have at least two years vocational training or university degree. Basic language skills (A1 German or B2 English) required. Financial means proof needed through employment contract (up to 20 hours weekly)
Economic growth is an increase in production of goods and services. GDP is the most common measure of economic growth. Growth can be measured in nominal or real terms