PCOS affects 8-13% of reproductive-aged women worldwide. Up to 70% of affected women remain undiagnosed. Leading cause of infertility and anovulation. Runs in families with ethnic variations in manifestations
Hyperspermia is a rare condition characterized by excessive semen production. Less than 4% of men in one study met hyperspermia criteria. Normal semen volume ranges from 2 to 5 milliliters
Sperm are male reproductive cells containing 23 chromosomes. Sperm head carries genetic information, middle contains mitochondria. Tail propels sperm through female reproductive system. Semen carries sperm from testicles to fallopian tubes
Reproduction begins with fertilization between male and female through sexual intercourse. Sperm and ovum combine to form zygote, which undergoes embryogenesis. Gestation period is approximately 38 weeks. About 3-5% of couples are infertile, with fecunditity around 30% per cycle
Vas deferens is part of male reproductive system, measuring 30-35 cm in length. Forms part of spermatic cord, connecting epididymis to ejaculatory duct. Contains external adventitial sheath, muscular middle layer, and mucosal lining. Has greatest muscle-to-lumen ratio among hollow organs
Semen is 80% water but should be thick, sticky, and whitish/grayish. Healthy semen contains sperm cells and fluids from various glands. Sperm regeneration takes over 2 months