H2O Lewis structure shows bonding between atoms and electron placement. Oxygen has six valence electrons, hydrogen has one each. Oxygen is placed in center due to higher electronegativity. Molecule has two unshared electron pairs on oxygen
Sodium citrate (E331) is a sodium salt of citric acid with formula Na3C6H5O7. It is available as colorless crystals or white powder. Produced by mixing sodium carbonate with hot aqueous citric acid solution
Water (H2O) contains two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom. Total valence electrons in H2O are 8 (2 from H, 6 from O). Oxygen atom takes central position, Hydrogen atoms on sides
Hydrogen bond is an electrostatic attraction between hydrogen and electronegative atoms. Most common donors are nitrogen, oxygen, and fluorine. Strength ranges from weak (1-2 kcal/mol) to strong (161.5 kcal/mol in HF-2). Can occur between molecules (intermolecular) or within molecules (intramolecular)
Hydrogen bond is an electrostatic force between hydrogen and electronegative atom. Forms when hydrogen is covalently bonded to electronegative atom with lone pair. Stronger than dipole-dipole but weaker than covalent bonds
SAR converts structure-activity results into informative molecular relationships. SAR analyses guide compound development through structural modifications. Single modifications yield high informational content