Calf refers to young domestic cows or bulls. Term "calf" used from birth to weaning, sometimes until yearling. Orphan calves are those without mothers. Bobby calves are young calves for human consumption
Calcium nitrate is an inorganic compound with formula Ca(NO3)2(H2O)x. Forms tetrahydrate when absorbing moisture from air. Colorless salts used in fertilizers and other applications
Nitrate (NO−3) is a polyatomic ion with a formal charge of −1. Contains one nitrogen atom surrounded by three oxygen atoms in trigonal planar arrangement. Acts as a powerful oxidizer in aqueous solution, becoming nitric acid under acidic conditions
Guano is seabird or bat excrement used as fertilizer since 1548. European discovery in 1802 led to widespread guano trade. Peru nationalized guano in 1840, becoming largest source of revenue. Chile gained control after War of the Pacific in 1884. U.S. annexed nearly 100 guano islands in 1856
Potash is a water-soluble potassium salt derived from plant ashes. World potash production exceeds 71.9 million tonnes annually. Most potash deposits are in ancient oceans, containing potassium chloride and sodium chloride
Magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) is a white crystalline solid soluble in water. Most common form is heptahydrate (Epsom salt) with formula MgSO4·7H2O. Can exist as various hydrates with n between 1 and 11. Anhydrous form decomposes at 1124°C into magnesium oxide and sulfur trioxide