Butanol is a four-carbon alcohol with five isomeric structures. Different isomers have varying melting and boiling points. Sec-butanol is more soluble than 1-butanol, tert-butanol is miscible with water
Hydrofluoric acid is a colorless, acidic solution of hydrogen fluoride in water. Common concentration is 49-52%, with stronger solutions up to 70%. First prepared in 1771 by Carl Wilhelm Scheele. Produced by treating fluorite with concentrated sulfuric acid at 265°C
Phthalic anhydride (C6H4(CO)2O) is the anhydride of phthalic acid. First commercial anhydride of dicarboxylic acid. Worldwide production was about 3 million tonnes per year in 2000
Colorless, viscous liquid with formula N(CH2CH2OH)3. Produced from ethylene oxide and aqueous ammonia reaction. Approximately 150,000 tonnes produced in 1999
Styrene is a colorless, oily liquid with formula C6H5CH=CH2. Named after storax balsam resin of Liquidambar trees. Evaporates easily with sweet smell
Sodium sulfate (Na2SO4) is a white, highly soluble inorganic compound. Decahydrate form (Glauber's salt) is produced at 6 million tonnes annually. Solubility increases tenfold between 0°C and 32.384°C. Forms unusual double salts with various metals