Sodium chloride (NaCl) is essential for body functions and electrolyte balance. Body doesn't produce NaCl, obtain it from natural foods. American Heart Association recommends daily limit of 2,300 mg
CO2 blood test evaluates gas presence in bloodstream. Normal range is 23-29 mmol/L. Test helps monitor electrolyte balance and other health conditions
Hyperkalemia is serum potassium above 5.0-5.5 mEq/L in adults. Levels above 7 mEq/L can cause significant hemodynamic and neurologic effects. Levels above 8.5 mEq/L can lead to respiratory paralysis or cardiac arrest
Autosomal recessive kidney tubule disorder characterized by electrolyte imbalances. Caused by SLC12A3 gene variants affecting sodium-chloride cotransporter function. Most frequent hereditary salt-losing tubulopathy
Cramp is sudden, involuntary, painful muscle contraction. Usually temporary and non-damaging, lasting several seconds to minutes. Common, especially at rest, especially at night. Can cause significant pain and immobility
Loop diuretics inhibit Na-K-Cl cotransporter in Henle's loop. They are 90% protein bound and secreted through OAT transporters. Inhibit sodium, chloride, and potassium reabsorption. Increase prostaglandin production for vasodilation