Primate lineage diverged from other mammals 85 million years ago. Earliest primate fossils appeared over 55 million years ago. African and Asian hominids diverged about 14 million years ago
Mutation is an alteration in nucleic acid sequence of an organism's genome. Mutations can occur from errors during DNA replication, mitosis, or DNA damage. Mutations may or may not affect observable characteristics of an organism
Nucleotides consist of nitrogenous base, pentose sugar, and phosphate group. DNA contains four bases: guanine, adenine, cytosine, and thymine. RNA uses uracil instead of thymine. Nucleotides can be radiolabeled using radionuclides
Deoxyribose is a five-carbon monosaccharide derived from ribose. Discovered in 1929 by Phoebus Levene. Exists as linear form and two ring structures in aqueous solution. Contains both d- and l-enantiomers
Nucleic acids are large biomolecules crucial in all cells and viruses. Composed of nucleotides: sugar, phosphate group, and nitrogenous base. Main types are DNA (deoxyribose) and RNA (ribose). DNA contains thymine, RNA contains uracil
2 is the smallest and only even prime number. All multiples of 2 end in 0, 2, 4, 6, or 8. It is the first Ramanujan prime and superior highly composite number