Secondary IOL implantation needed for incorrect power, luxation, or opacification. Patient selection requires detailed anterior segment examination. Techniques include bag implantation, sulcus fixation, iris-fixation, and scleral fixation
First hepatectomies performed by Dr. Honjo in 1949 and Dr. Lortat-Jacob in 1952. Most commonly used for treating hepatic neoplasms, including colorectal cancer metastases. Can also be performed for gallstones and parasitic cysts
Body lies supine on 15-30 degree incline with feet elevated above head. Used in abdominal and genitourinary surgeries for better organ access. Reverse Trendelenburg used in minimally invasive glaucoma surgery. Helps in surgical reduction of abdominal hernia
Most common glaucoma surgery removing part of eye's trabecular meshwork. Allows aqueous humor drainage to under conjunctiva. Developed by Peter Gordon Watson and John Cairns in 1970s
Phacoemulsification removes cataract using ultrasonic vibrations and aspiration. Small incisions allow for foldable IOL implantation. System includes ultrasound, aspiration, and irrigation components. Most common cataract surgery worldwide with excellent prognosis
L5-S1 segment bridges lumbar and sacral spine, transferring loads to pelvis. Disc herniation occurs when nucleus pulposus protrudes through annulus fibrosus. Lumbar spine consists of 5 vertebrae (L1-L5) supporting upper body