Standard describes horizontal method for enumerating microorganisms in food chain. Focuses on colony count at 30°C using pour plate technique
Ecological pyramids show biomass or bioproductivity at each trophic level. Pyramids can be energy, biomass, or number pyramids. Energy pyramids are typically upright, others can be inverted. Pyramids start with producers at bottom and progress through trophic levels
Food chain starts with autotrophs and ends with apex predators or decomposers. Energy transfer occurs through trophic levels, with only 10% passing between levels. Food chains are quantified by the number of links between consumer and base
Predation is when one organism kills and eats another. Predators can be active hunters, ambushers, or passive observers. Predators have specialized senses and physical adaptations for hunting
Krill are small marine crustaceans found worldwide in all oceans. Name comes from Norwegian word meaning "small fry of fish". Most species are 1-2 cm long, some reach 6-15 cm. Have bioluminescent photophores and five pairs of swimming legs
Carnivores primarily consume meat and are part of the food web. They are categorized into three trophic levels: producers, herbivores, and carnivores. Obligate carnivores cannot digest plants, while hypercarnivores rely heavily on meat