Tachycardia is a heart rate over 100 beats per minute. Sinus tachycardia is normal heart rate increase during exercise. Common types include atrial fibrillation, flutter, and ventricular tachycardia. Ventricular fibrillation is life-threatening if not treated immediately
Atrial fibrillation: 60 mg daily for stroke prevention. DVT/PE: 60 mg daily after 5-10 days of parenteral anticoagulation. Weight-based dosing: 30 mg daily for patients under 60 kg
DVT prevention after hip/knee replacement: 2.5 mg twice daily for 35-12 days. Atrial fibrillation prevention: 5 mg twice daily. DVT/PE treatment: 10 mg twice daily for 7 days, then 5 mg twice daily
CHA2DS2-VASc score predicts stroke risk in non-rheumatic atrial fibrillation patients. Score ranges from 0 (low risk) to 9 (high risk). Higher scores indicate increased stroke risk
Pulmonary veins transfer oxygenated blood from lungs to heart. Four main pulmonary veins, two from each lung, drain into left atrium. Right superior vein lies below pulmonary artery, inferior at lowest hilum. Number of pulmonary veins opening into left atrium varies between 3-5. Two left veins may unite as single vein in 25%, two right in 3%
Xabans are blood thinners used to prevent blood clots and stroke in atrial fibrillation. They include rivaroxaban, apixaban, and edoxaban as direct oral anticoagulants. Can be used as alternative to warfarin when monitoring becomes difficult