Ferrous metals contain iron as base metal and are widely used in engineering. They are durable, magnetic, silver-like, and good conductors. Non-alloy steels contain carbon as main alloying element. Low carbon steels (0.05-0.25%) are cost-effective for bending operations. Medium carbon steels (0.25-0.6%) increase strength but decrease ductility
Bauxite is a sedimentary rock containing high aluminum content. Discovered by Pierre Berthier in 1821 near Les Baux, France. Appears reddish-brown, white or tan in dull luster
Extrusion pushes material through die to create fixed cross-sectional profiles. Process works with brittle materials using only compressive and shear stresses. Can be continuous or semi-continuous, hot or cold
Alum was known since 5th century BCE for dyeing and medicinal purposes. Alum became international commodity during Middle Ages. Renaissance scientists recognized alum as salt of new earth. Aluminium metal was discovered by Ørsted in 1825
Aluminum has 13 electrons arranged in 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p¹. Electrons fill orbitals in order: 1s, 2s, 2p, 3s, 3p, 4s, 3d, 4p, 5s, 4d, 5p, 6s, 4f, 5d, 6p, 7s, 5f, 6d, 7p. Electrons fill orbitals using Aufbau principle: lowest energy orbital first
EMTA Group operates in energy generation and distribution markets for over 40 years. Group consists of four main companies: Cable & Conductor, Energy, Global Trading, and Sales. Headquarters located in Tuzla, Istanbul, with offices in Kadirli, Ankara, and Vancouver