Bromine is a naturally occurring liquid with brownish-red color and bleach-like smell. Found in earth's crust, seawater, and used in agriculture and fire retardants. Some bromine products were historically used as sedatives
CO poisoning affects 50,000 people annually in US, with 1-3% mortality rate. CO binds to hemoglobin 240 times stronger than oxygen, impairing oxygen transport. Most cases result from non-fire-related smoke inhalation
Lithium toxicity occurs when excessive lithium intake or decreased excretion leads to poisoning. About 5,000 cases reported to poison control centers annually in the US. First described in 1898
Lead poisoning occurs when lead builds up in the body over months or years. Children under 6 years are most vulnerable to lead poisoning. Even small amounts of lead can cause serious health problems
Toxicology studies harmful effects of chemicals on people and environment. Field evolved from studying poisons to studying safety. Not everyone responds to substances identically. Exposure dose and duration significantly impact health effects
Toxicology studies adverse effects of chemical, physical, or biological agents. Toxicologists investigate and communicate effects on people, animals, and environment. Most focus on chemicals, some specialize in radiation. Integrates biology, math, physics, and chemistry disciplines