Bevel tool creates chamfered or rounded corners on geometry. Real-world edges are rarely exactly sharp. Bevels are useful for realism and light reflection
Shot peening creates compressive residual stress layer on metals and composites. Process involves striking surface with shot particles to create plastic deformation. Similar to sandblasting but doesn't remove material. Can increase fatigue life up to 1000% depending on various parameters
Milling cutters remove material through movement or shape. Flutes are helical grooves with teeth along edge. More teeth increase material removal rate. Helix angle affects vibration and surface quality
Carburizing heats iron/steel by absorbing carbon from charcoal or carbon monoxide. Process creates hard surface while keeping core soft and tough. Carbon diffuses into metal surface layers through solution or carbide formation
Developed by Extrude Hone Corporation in 1960s. Produces surface finish as good as 0.05 µm. Can polish, deburr, and calibrate fuel injection nozzles. Achieves true round radii on complex edges
Surface finish refers to altering metal surfaces through removal, addition, or reshaping. Surface roughness measures total spaced irregularities on the surface. Rough surfaces wear faster due to higher friction and nucleation sites. Surface finish affects corrosion resistance, visual appeal, and coating adhesion