Nonverbal communication transmits messages through various channels including body language and facial expressions. Darwin initiated research in 1872 with his book on animal communication. Nonverbal communication represents two-thirds of all communications
Robert Plutchik identified eight fundamental emotions: fear, anger, sadness, joy, disgust, surprise, trust, anticipation. These emotions are opposite each other in a complex relationship
Body language is as important as words in communication. Open body language shows confidence and energy. Keep posture straight and legs slightly apart. Avoid crossing arms and maintain eye contact
Raising one eyebrow can convey surprise or attention without words. Lowering brow indicates annoyance or displeasure. Not everyone naturally can lift one eyebrow
Pursed lips show disapproval or doubt in others' words or actions. Lips are brought together tightly to form a round shape. Can indicate tension, frustration, or anger. Similar to biting tongue or sealing lips
Facial expressions reveal emotions better than words alone. Seven universal expressions exist: anger, contempt, disgust, fear, happiness, sadness, surprise. Research suggests 16 more complex universal expressions exist