Sustainable urban planning creates environmentally friendly and socially equitable cities. Strategies include renewable energy, green infrastructure, and smart growth. Benefits include reduced pollution, energy conservation, and improved public health
Urban planning plays critical role in global climate response. Integrated mitigation and adaptation strategies needed at all scales. Each 10% reduction in urban sprawl reduces emissions by 6%
Transportation is the largest source of air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions. Over 90% of transportation fuel is petroleum-based, accounting for 25% of emissions. Sustainable mobility is crucial for poverty reduction and SDGs
First appeared in 1994 by Peter Connolly at RMIT Melbourne. Emerged as response to New Urbanism's limitations. Developed at RMIT and University of Pennsylvania in late 1980s. First major conference held in Chicago in 1997
Chinese researchers proposed sponge city concept in early 2000. Beijing flood in 2012 prompted Chinese authorities to adopt nationwide policy. Concept emphasizes flood management through green infrastructures
Infrastructure includes facilities and systems essential for society's functioning. Hard infrastructure consists of physical networks like roads and bridges. Soft infrastructure includes institutions maintaining economic, social, and environmental standards