Six main functions: presidential, parliamentary, local mayors, council members, muhtars. Parliamentary elections every five years with 600 members. Presidential elections every five years with one re-election possible. Referendums require supermajority (three fifths) in parliament
Daring Cities 2022 virtual event will gather over 1,000 experts from 3-7 October. Bonn's 9-euro summer ticket sold 62 million tickets, saving 1.8 million tons CO2. Bonn introduces 19-euro monthly pass for low-income residents. Bonn and Berlin first in Germany to have 5G coverage
FPTP is used in about one-third of world's countries, mainly English-speaking ones. Voters cast single vote by marking candidate with cross on ballot. Winner needs one more vote than runner-up, no majority requirement
Turkish election system is a multi-party parliamentary representative democracy. Parliament consists of 600 members elected every 5 years. System operates on proportional representation with 7% threshold for parties
Empire located in fertile Crescent Belt region. Hunter-gatherers subjugated native farmers, making them "slaves". Serfdom eliminated but discrimination remains. Empire faces ruin due to food importation