Indonesia is an archipelagic country with 17,000-18,000 islands along equator. Homo erectus fossils found in Indonesia date to 1.5-1.6 million years ago. Austronesian people arrived around 2000 BCE from Taiwan. Wet-field rice cultivation flourished in Java by 1st century CE
Founded by Celtic tribe Medhelanon around 590 BC. Romans conquered city in 222 BC, naming it Mediolanum. Became capital of Western Roman Empire under Diocletian. Constantine issued Edict of Milan in 313 granting religious tolerance
Periodization categorizes past into discrete, quantified blocks for analysis. Sumerian King List (2nd millennium BC) is earliest known periodization. Hesiod divided history into five ages: Golden, Silver, Bronze, Heroic, Iron
First European modern humans appeared 48,000 years ago. Neolithic settlement spread across Europe from southeast to north. Indo-European migrations started around 4200 BC. Minoan civilization flourished on Crete from 27th to 15th centuries BC
Occult refers to supernatural beliefs outside organized religion and science. Term occult sciences emerged in 16th century Europe for astrology, alchemy, and magic. Occultism emerged in 19th century France, associated with Lévi and Papus. Term "occultism" first appeared in English in 1875 by Helena Blavatsky
Peter the Great ruled Russia for 43 years from 1682 to 1725. Initiated extensive reforms to westernize Russia. Russia became a leading European power through his reforms