Hungary was predominantly agrarian before World War II. Soviet-style industrialization began in 1948 with centrally planned economy. Forced accumulation policy created millions of new jobs. Agriculture declined from 50% to 18% of workforce by 1990s
Tax-free countries fund their governments through other revenue sources. Low-tax and no-tax countries use different tax systems. Tax-free living offers more residency options but may still require taxes
India was world's largest economy for nearly 1700 years. Mughal Empire (1526-1820) produced 25% of world's industrial output. British rule (1793-1947) led to economic decline and industrialization. Independence (1947) brought protectionist policies and dirigism
BIT establishes terms for private investment between states. First BIT signed between Pakistan and Germany in 1959. More than 2500 BITs currently in force worldwide
Portugal launched Golden Visa program in October 2012, raising over €7.5 billion. Minimum investment requirement is €250,000 for residency. Program allows visa-free travel within Schengen Area. Citizenship possible after five years of residency
Foreigners staying over 90 days need residence permit. Permits typically last two years, renewable for five years with investment. Required documents include passport, biometrics, financial proof, and property ownership. Business applicants need invitation letter and various business documents. Investment options include USD 500,000 capital, property purchase, or job creation