HCV is a small, enveloped RNA virus (55-65 nm) in Flaviviridae family. Causes hepatitis C and some cancers in humans. Belongs to Hepacivirus genus, discovered in dogs and horses
Viral entry is the earliest stage of infection, where virus contacts host cell. Viruses must attach to specific receptors on host cell membrane. Cell becomes susceptible if virus can enter and attach
EBV is a double-stranded DNA virus, one of nine human herpesvirus types. First identified oncogenic virus causing permanent human infection. Virus establishes latency in memory B cells for life
SIV has been present in monkeys for at least 32,000 years. Three primate strains (SIVsmm, SIVgor, SIVcpz) crossed species barrier to humans. HIV-1 originated from chimpanzee SIVcpz, HIV-2 from mangabey SIVsmm
ADE occurs when suboptimal antibodies enhance virus entry and replication. Antibodies bind to Fc receptors on immune cells or complement proteins. Virus escapes antibody complexes and replicates inside immune cells. Mainly mediated by IgG antibodies, but IgM and IgA can also trigger it
TMV was first virus discovered in 1930. Stanley crystallized TMV in 1935, winning 1/4 Nobel Prize. Virus has rod-like appearance with 6400-base RNA genome. Contains 2130 coat protein molecules and self-assembling helical structure