Venous blood escapes normal flow and refluxes into congested legs. Most commonly caused by superficial venous valve incompetence. Can result from deep vein valve damage or congenital valve absence
Impaired blood flow from superficial to deep veins in lower limbs. Affects all races and both sexes, with rates up to 50%. Higher in ethnic whites compared to Hispanics, African Americans, and Asians
Study examined 2006 patients with venous insufficiency symptoms. 3938 lower extremity veins were examined using color Doppler US. Patients were aged 14-88 years, 654 males and 1352 females
Venous insufficiency is characterized by incompetent valves and venous hypertension. CEAP classification system used for clinical practice. Venous reflux ≥ 500ms for major veins, ≥ 1 second for femoral veins
Venous insufficiency affects blood flow from legs back to heart. More than 25 million US adults affected, more common in females. Most commonly occurs in legs, can affect arms
Hemosiderin is a protein that helps body store iron. Iron buildup beneath skin causes skin discoloration. Most commonly appears as golden-yellow-brown patches on lower legs