Derivatives derive value from underlying assets like stocks, bonds, commodities. Options grant right to buy/sell at predetermined price before specific date. Futures require buying/selling at specific price and date in future. Swaps exchange cash flows based on different financial instruments
Crude oil is a nonrenewable fossil fuel formed from ancient animal and plant remains. First discovered during Industrial Revolution, developed for industrial use in 19th century. OPEC was major supplier until fracking technology created second U.S. energy boom
Options give right to buy/sell at specific price before contract expiration. Futures require buyer to purchase/seller to deliver at specific future date. Both are financial derivatives used for speculation and risk hedging
Global equity market capitalization grew 13.6% in 2023. Trading value and volumes declined 10.6% and 3.4%, respectively. Average trade size reached lowest level in last three years. Only 1,217 IPOs occurred, down 59.3% from 2022. Americas saw largest IPO increase at 71.3%