Cancer is a group of over 100 diseases characterized by uncontrolled cell growth. Significant advances in cancer understanding occurred in mid-20th century. By 2018, over 18 million new cancer cases worldwide. WHO estimates global cancer burden could be reduced by 30-50% through prevention
Ultrasound is the preferred imaging method for neck masses in children. Cysts can be located midline (thyroglossal duct cyst, dermoid cyst, ranula) or off-midline. Branchial cleft cysts often contain debris and are located near carotid artery. Lymphangiomas are cystic lesions commonly found in head and neck
Inherited disorder causing tumors and cysts in multiple body parts. Hemangioblastomas form in brain, spinal cord, and retina. Kidney, pancreas, and genital tract cysts commonly develop. Pheochromocytomas occur in adrenal glands, causing high blood pressure. Endolymphatic sac tumors in inner ear can lead to hearing loss
Rare tumors arising from thymus in anterior mediastinum. Most common primary thymus neoplasm in middle age patients. Typically presents in 5th-6th decades without gender predilection
Benign bone tumor containing osteoclast-like giant cells. Most common benign tumor in children, affecting 30-40% of normal children. Occurs in metaphysis of long bones, especially lower extremities. Usually asymptomatic and discovered incidentally
Platinum-based drugs treat cancer chemotherapy, used in half of cancer patients. Common drugs include cisplatin, oxaliplatin, and carboplatin. Addition to chemoradiation improves survival in early cervical cancer