Hepatic encephalopathy is altered consciousness due to liver failure. Can occur in both acute and chronic liver disease. Symptoms include movement problems, mood changes, and coma. More than 40% of cirrhosis patients develop hepatic encephalopathy
Carotid artery dissection occurs when blood enters artery wall layers. Can happen spontaneously or after trauma, including sports activities. Incidence is 2.6-2.9 per 100,000 individuals. More common in younger adults under 50
LPDs are conditions characterized by excessive lymphocyte production. Main types include B-cell and T-cell lymphomas, multiple myeloma, and Waldenström's macroglobulinemia. Disorders primarily affect patients with compromised immune systems
Most common enzyme deficiency anemia worldwide affecting 400 million people. X-linked recessive disorder causing premature red blood cell breakdown. Most affected individuals are asymptomatic
Testicle moves between scrotum and groin. Can be manually guided into scrotum during exam. Usually disappears before or during puberty. Sometimes remains in groin permanently
Necrosis is tissue death due to insufficient blood flow. Types include coagulative, liquefactive, caseous, fat, fibrinoid, and gangrenous necrosis. Each type has distinct appearance and patterns