H. influenzae is a gram-negative bacterium belonging to Pasteurellaceae family. Some strains are harmless, while others cause respiratory infections. Requires blood or chocolate agar for growth. Type b strains historically linked to severe diseases like pneumonia and meningitis
Available in capsules (250mg, 500mg) and extended-release tablets (500mg). Oral suspension available in 125mg/5mL, 250mg/5mL, and 375mg/5mL
HPIVs are four distinct RNA viruses belonging to Paramyxoviridae family. Virions are 150-250 nm in size with 15,000 nucleotide genome. Genome contains six key structural proteins following specific sequence
Diphtheria is a bacterial infection affecting nose and throat. Worldwide incidence has decreased significantly with vaccination. Mortality rate is 5-10%, especially in children and adults over 40
Airway obstruction blocks respiration in upper or lower airways. Upper airway includes nose, throat, and larynx. Lower airway comprises trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles. Acute causes include foreign bodies, trauma, and infections. Chronic causes include sleep apnea and tonsil enlargement
Gram-negative, nonmotile diplococcus causing respiratory and ear infections. Named after Victor Morax, first described by Swiss ophthalmologist. Genome sequenced in 2016, encoding 1,736 genes