FDA approved for schizophrenia treatment in December 2019. Became available in February 2020. Approved for bipolar depression in December 2021. Developed by Intra-Cellular Therapies, licensed from Bristol-Myers Squibb
Muscarinic receptors form G protein-coupled complexes in cell membranes. They are more sensitive to muscarine than nicotine. Five subtypes (M1-M5) exist, each coupled with different G proteins. Used as main end-receptor for acetylcholine in autonomic nervous system
Aripiprazole is a partial D2 agonist with lower intrinsic activity than dopamine. Acts as a dopamine system stabiliser, modulating DA levels in brain pathways. Binds to D2, D3, and 5-HT receptors with high affinity. Reduces positive symptoms through mesolimbic pathway modulation. Reduces negative symptoms through mesocortical pathway modulation
Dopamine antagonists block dopamine effects in brain's reward and pleasure centers. Five main types of dopamine receptors exist, with D2 receptors being key. Antagonists bind to receptors without activating them
Sulpiride is a benzamide medication used for treating schizophrenia. Available in 200mg and 400mg strengths. Contains lactose and other ingredients. Manufactured by CP Pharmaceuticals Limited
Prescription-only injection containing 175mg paliperidone palmitate. White to off-white suspension with pH neutral (7.0). Indicated for schizophrenia maintenance in stable patients