Water's density is 1 kg/L at 39.2°F (4°C). 1 liter of water weighs 1 kilogram. 1 milliliter of water weighs 1 gram
Mentos' microscopic pores create nucleation sites for carbon dioxide bubbles. Carbon dioxide bubbles form in Mentos' irregular surface structures. Rapid release of dissolved carbon dioxide creates pressurized foam. Narrow bottle neck intensifies pressure and speed of reaction
Refractive index measures light speed in medium relative to vacuum. Light bends when entering different media due to atom absorption. Refractive index of 1 indicates light travels 1.33 times slower in water
Density is mass per unit volume, measured in grams per milliliter (g/mL). Density equals mass divided by volume (ρ = m/v). Density can be used to identify different materials
Depth gauge measures water pressure below a vertical reference surface. Pressure increases 1 bar for every 10m in fresh water at 4°C. Accuracy affected by water density variations and temperature
Degassing removes dissolved gases from liquids, especially water. Gas solubility follows Henry's law, decreasing with pressure. Higher temperature reduces gas solubility in aqueous solutions