Cartoon originated in Middle Ages as preparatory drawings for artworks. Term first applied to humorous magazine cartoons in 1843 by Punch magazine. Cartoonists create both satirical images and animated motion pictures
Painted in 1862-1863 as "Le Bain" (The Bath). Depicts nude woman and bather with two dressed men in rural setting. Rejected by Salon jury, exhibited at Salon des Refusés. Now in Musée d'Orsay, smaller version at Courtauld Gallery
Born in 1881 in Málaga, Spain, to a painter father. Received formal art training from age seven under his father. Showed exceptional talent from early childhood, painting in naturalistic style
Painted in June 1889 at Saint-Rémy asylum, depicting sunrise view. Van Gogh wrote to Theo about painting in June, describing it as "a starry sky". Painting was made in studio or outdoors, not from memory. Van Gogh initially considered it a failure but later praised its beauty
Surrealism emerged in Europe after World War I. Term "surrealism" coined by Guillaume Apollinaire in 1917. Movement aimed to express unconscious mind through illogical scenes. Breton claimed Surrealism was revolutionary, not just artistic
Las Meninas by Velázquez combines three different themes in one painting. Primavera by Botticelli depicts spring growth based on ancient mythology. The Tower of Babel by Bruegel shows Roman engineering in detail. The Storm on the Sea of Galilee by Rembrandt depicts Jesus's survival through storm