Van Gogh created emotive landscapes with vibrant colors, including "Tormented Landscape". Constable depicted English countryside scenes, influencing Impressionists. Turner captured atmospheric seascapes and landscapes. Friedrich infused landscapes with religious and spiritual themes
Social contract suggests humans formed societies through mutual agreement in past. States of nature are pre-societal conditions where people are free and equal. Rights enjoyed in state of nature must be guaranteed in social contract
The phrase "Qu'ils mangent de la brioche" was first mentioned in Rousseau's Confessions in 1765. Rousseau recalled a princess saying "Let them eat brioches" when peasants had no bread. The phrase was attributed to Marie Antoinette in 1843 by Alphonse Karr
Social contract theory concerns state authority legitimacy over individuals. Individuals consent to surrender freedoms for protection of remaining rights. Term named after Rousseau's 1762 book "The Social Contract"
Landscape painting was rare before El Greco's Spanish Renaissance. Artists painted landscapes from rural areas or city settings. Landscape painters came from different movements and styles
Rousseau's "Emile" was published in 1762, causing scandal and Archbishop's condemnation. Author fled to France, where he wrote an apology to Archbishop Beaumont. The book's popularity helped popularize Rousseau's pedagogical methods