Vandals were Germanic people first mentioned in Roman records in Poland. Archaeologists associate them with Przeworsk culture and possibly Lugii. Early Vandals settled in Pannonia around 330 AD under Constantine's permission
Forum was originally a marshy lake drained by Cloaca Maxima. First public buildings appeared in 7th century BC. Forum transformed from cemetery to public space in 8th century BC. Romulus and Titus formed alliance at Vulcanal in early Forum
Built in Rome's center between 72-80 AD under Emperor Vespasian. Named after the Colossus of Nero statue, meaning "gigantic". Could hold 50,000-80,000 spectators, with an average of 65,000. Originally funded by Jewish Temple spoils after First Jewish-Roman War
Legate was a high-ranking Roman military officer equivalent to modern general. Initially used to delegate power, became formalized under Augustus. Legates received large rewards from successful campaigns. Position often attracted prominent political figures like consuls. Rank standardized in 190 BC to manage larger military numbers
Ancient Sumerians built stone basins for drinking water around 700 BC. Ancient Assyrians constructed rock-carved basins with lion reliefs. Ancient Egyptians developed systems for water hoisting from Nile. Ancient Greeks used aqueducts and gravity-powered fountains
Built in 72 CE by Vespasian on Nero's Golden House site. Held 50,000 spectators across four stories and 45 meters high. Constructed from limestone with brick, concrete and volcanic stone. Featured monumental arcades and 80 entrances, including two for gladiators