BR1654 and GERT8018 standards remain in force. GERT8402 ERTMS/ETCS DMI requirements updated. No standards withdrawn since last notification update
Flexity family produced by Bombardier until 2021, now owned by Alstom. Over 3,500 vehicles operate in 100 cities across 20 countries. Manufactured from corrosion-resistant carbon steel with customizable modules
Wheel speed sensor reads vehicle wheel rotation speed using toothed ring and pickup. Automotive sensors eliminate cable breakage and simplify gauge construction. Vehicle speed sensor (VSS) may not be true wheel speed sensor
First proper railway opened in 1830 with gentle curves. Early rails were made of wrought iron, later replaced by steel. Gentler curves improved safety through better visibility
Yapiray is Turkey's most important multifunctional rail systems company. Founded in 1998 with expertise from Yapi Merkezi. Focuses on quality results in all delivered projects
OpenTrack started as a research project at ETH Zürich in mid-1990s. Developed as railway planning software used worldwide by various industries. Supports modeling and simulation of various rail systems including high-speed, heavy, and light rail