COVID-19 chapter removed, replaced with five main chapters. New sections added on Dysbiosis, Cardiovascular Risk, and Climate Change. Pulmonary Rehabilitation section includes virtual versus in-person delivery
Deoxygenated blood leaves right atrium through pulmonary artery to lungs. Oxygenated blood returns to left atrium through pulmonary veins. Systemic circulation receives oxygenated blood from pulmonary circulation. Bronchial circulation supplies oxygenated blood to lung airways
Pulmonary arteries carry deoxygenated blood from right heart to lungs. Main pulmonary artery is 5cm long and 2-3cm diameter. Pulmonary trunk splits into right and left main arteries below aorta. Left main artery supplies left lung, right artery supplies right lung. Arteries branch into segmental, subsegmental, and intralobular arteries
Cor pulmonale is right ventricle enlargement due to increased lung pressure. Chronic disease causes right ventricular hypertrophy, acute causes dilatation. Disease must originate in pulmonary circulation system
The lungs are divided into two lobes: the right (3) and left (2). The lungs are located above the diaphragm and are protected by pleura. Each lung has three surfaces: mediastinal, diaphragmatic, and costal. The lungs contain approximately 30,000 bronchioles and 600 million alveoli
JVD causes bulging of veins in neck due to blood backup in heart. Always concerning sign of cardiovascular problems, even without pain. Requires immediate medical care