VRLA batteries contain limited electrolyte in plate separator or gel form. Two main types: AGM with fiberglass mesh and gel cells with silica. VRLA batteries can be mounted in any orientation without constant maintenance. Safety valves regulate pressure to prevent gas buildup
Lithium-ion batteries store energy through reversible intercalation of Li+ ions into conducting solids. Commercial batteries offer higher energy density, efficiency, and longer life than other rechargeables. Over 30 years, energy density increased threefold while cost decreased tenfold
Galvani discovered "animal electricity" in 1780 using frog legs as electrodes. Volta invented voltaic pile in 1799, challenging Galvani's theory. Faraday proved galvanic cells were chemical in nature in 1890
Fe(OH)2 is a white solid with greenish tinge from oxygen exposure. Produced by treating iron(II) salts with hydroxide ions. Forms brucite structure with Fe(II) centers bonded to six hydroxide ligands
Global imports reached $23.542 trillion in 2023, up 23.2% from 2019. Imports decreased by -7.4% from $25.417 trillion in 2022. Top 20 products accounted for 52.7% of total imports
Flame retardant case and cover meeting UL1778 standards. Self-resealing vents and hermetic sealing for leak resistance. Absorbed Glass Mat (AGM) separators for electrolyte absorption. High performance brass threaded receptacles and faston terminals. Computer optimized electrochemistry for increased power up to 1.67V