Ounce derives from Ancient Roman uncia, meaning "twelfth". One ounce equals exactly 28.349523125 grams. Term "ounce" entered English through Anglo-Norman and Middle French
Standard error measures sample mean dispersion from raw data. Formula: S.E = s/√n, where s is standard deviation and n is sample size. Standard deviation measures data value dispersion, SEM includes theoretical distribution
Calipers measure widths more accurately than tape measures or rulers. Vernier calipers have two scales, dial calipers have one scale and dial. Close larger jaws completely and press Zero button before measurement
Use rulers, yardsticks, or measuring tape for accurate inch measurements. Inches are divided into fractions: ½, ¼, ⅛, and 1/16. Thumb length can approximate 1 inch
Place book between legs at crotch height while wearing tight pants. Measure from floor to top edge of book using rigid measuring tape. Stand straight without arching back, wearing heels if usual. Retake measurement 2-3 times for accuracy. Use inches for American sizing, centimeters for European
Stand straight with feet shoulder-width apart and chin level. Mark shoulder joints where arms meet on wall. Measure distance between marks using tape or yardstick. This method is less accurate but helps find ready-made shirt size