Adrenal glands are triangular endocrine glands located on top of kidneys. Cortex produces steroid hormones for metabolism and blood pressure regulation. Medulla releases catecholamines for fight-or-flight response
Hydrocephalus is increased CSF volume causing ventriculomegaly. Terminology should be divided into communicating/non-communicating and obstructive/non-obstructive. Walter Dandy first classified hydrocephalus in 1913 using dye injection
Osteomyelitis is bacterial infection of bone's medullary cavity. Most common between 2-12 years, affecting males 3:1 ratio. Staphylococcus aureus causes 80-90% of infections
PI-RADS v2.1 standardizes prostate MRI acquisition and interpretation. System combines T2W, DWI/ADC, and DCE sequences for cancer detection. Clinically significant cancer defined by Gleason score ≥7 or tumor volume >0.5cc
PI-RADS v2 standardizes prostate MRI for cancer detection and staging. Guidelines aim to improve communication between radiologists and urologists. MRI is preferred over ultrasound for prostate cancer detection
MRI uses strong magnetic fields and radio waves to create body images without radiation. Hydrogen atoms in tissues generate signals that are detected by RF antennas. MRI provides better contrast than CT for soft tissues