Renaissance art emerged in Europe during 14th-16th centuries. Humanism and classical learning influenced Renaissance art. Proto-Renaissance in Italy preceded Renaissance in late 13th-14th centuries. Giotto pioneered clear, psychological painting style
Renaissance (14th-17th century) marked European cultural rebirth. Started in Italy and spread across Europe. Giotto di Bondone considered first great Renaissance artist
Mona Lisa by Leonardo da Vinci features sfumato technique and serene expression. Salvator Mundi shows Christ as "Savior of the World" with crystal orb. The Creation of Adam by Michelangelo depicts divine connection to humanity. The School of Athens by Raphael celebrates classical philosophers in Vatican
Sculpture evolved from carving to various materials since Modernism. Renaissance (14th-17th century) revived ancient Greco-Roman art. Baroque period featured Bernini's dynamic, central sculptures. Modernism (19th century) emphasized tradition and innovative expression
Zeus transformed into a swan to seduce Leda, a Spartan queen. According to later versions, Leda bore Helen and Polydeuces while having Castor and Clytemnestra. Some versions show Helen as Nemesis's daughter
Renaissance began in Tuscany around 1300, lasting until 1600. Northern Italy became prosperous due to trade and Crusades. Black Death in 14th century created labor surplus and wealth. Byzantine scholars brought Greek classics to Italy