Osteochondromas comprise 10-15% of all bone tumors and 35% of benign bone tumors. They are characterized by a cartilaginous cap that is covered by periosteum. Most commonly develop in childhood and rarely resolve after puberty. Malignant transformation occurs in 1% of solitary cases, 5-25% in hereditary cases
Most common causes are inflammatory and demyelinating disorders like MS and NMO. MS typically involves short segments, while other diseases show long segment involvement. Transverse myelitis and NMO typically involve both cord halves
Necrosis of cortical neurons due to inadequate oxygen and glucose supply. Common in cardiac arrest, global hypoxia, and hypoglycemia. Not to be confused with subacute cerebral infarction
MRI artifacts are visual anomalies appearing in images not present in original objects. Artifacts can be patient-related, signal processing-dependent, or hardware-related. Motion artifacts cause ghost images or noise in phase-encoding direction. Flow artifacts manifest as signal enhancement or loss in intravascular imaging. Metal artifacts occur at tissue interfaces due to magnetic field distortions
Perfusion refers to fluid passage through circulatory system to organs. Measured as blood flow rate per unit tissue mass (ml/min/g). All animal tissues require adequate blood supply for health
Cancers is a peer-reviewed, open access oncology journal published semimonthly. Ranked Q1 in oncology by JCR and CiteScore. Impact Factor 4.5 (2023), 5-year impact factor 4.9 (2023). Manuscripts reviewed within 16.3 days, publication acceptance in 2.5 days