War determined nation's future after 1776 Revolution. Seven slave states seceded in 1860 over slavery in territories. Fort Sumter incident triggered war on April 12, 1861. Northern resistance to secession threatened democracy
Born in 1881 in Salonika to customs official Ali Rıza Efendi and Zübeyde Hanım. Lost father early and lived with uncle in country. Entered Military Middle School in Salonika, then Military High School in Manastır. Graduated from Military Academy in 1905 as captain
Thirty-three American immigrants rebelled against Mexican government in Alta California in 1846. Mexican officials denied land rights to immigrants and threatened expulsion. U.S. Army Captain Frémont secretly encouraged the revolt
Graduated from Ottoman Military Staff College in 1905 as staff captain. Joined revolutionary society "Motherland and Liberty" in Damascus. Became senior captain in Third Army, participated in 1908 Young Turk Revolution
War began April 12, 1861 with Confederacy's attack on Fort Sumter. Seven Southern states seceded after Lincoln's 1860 election victory. Lincoln's inaugural speech declared secession illegal and called for federal property preservation
Born in 1809 on Kentucky farm to Thomas and Nancy Lincoln. Family moved to Indiana in 1816, where he worked on family farm. Joined Illinois House of Representatives in 1834, later became US House of Representatives. Served in Washington from 1846 to 1849, focusing on law after