Cultural differences define what a culture is not, like skateboarding vs surfing. Humans belong to thousands of major cultures and sub-cultures simultaneously. Cultural differences include clothing, body modifications, and communication systems
Literal translation often leads to incorrect meaning and awkward situations. Over 7000 languages exist worldwide with unique structures. English has over 160 dialects with varying pronunciations. Regional dialects vary significantly across different countries
Peter Drucker famously stated that culture eats strategy for breakfast. Many international companies overlook cultural differences. Cultural competence must be integrated into international strategy
Power Distance: 69, values hierarchy and respect for hierarchy. Individualism: 38, strongly integrated into extended family groups. Masculinity: 49, intermediate in competition and achievement. Uncertainty Avoidance: 76, high in rules and bureaucracy. Long-term Orientation: 44, pragmatic approach to tradition
Second edition of 1981 bestseller exploring cultural differences among 50+ nations. Geert Hofstede argues people develop mental programs in family and organizations. Book includes five major cultural dimensions: power distance, uncertainty avoidance, individualism, masculinity, and long-term orientation
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