Kremlin serves as Russian president's residence since 1991. Built in late 15th century with 20 towers, including Saviour Tower. Contains world-class churches and palaces within walls. UNESCO World Heritage site since 1990
Moscow was founded in 1147 by Prince Dolgoruky. First fortifications, the Kremlin, were built in 1156. Town grew rapidly, becoming important trading center. Moscow claimed title of Third Rome after 1453
Kremlin was Russia's center of power until 1917. Located on Borovitsky hill, left bank of Moscow River. First fortress built in 11th century as wooden fence. UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1990
Kazan was a pre-Mongol Bulgar city with moats and ramparts from 10th-13th centuries. White stone fortress constructed in 12th century, becoming northern border outpost. Became capital of state in 15th century, conquered by Ivan the Terrible in 1552. Complex includes buildings from 16th to 19th centuries, integrating 10th-16th century remains
Kremlin first mentioned in 1147 as Yuri Dolgoruki's fortification. Became official residence of supreme power in 13th century. Current stone walls and towers built 1485-1516. Complex expanded with Senate (1776-1787) and Great Kremlin Palace (1839-1849)
Red Square dates back to 11th century, Moscow's most historic site. Square served as political, social and religious centre throughout history. Name comes from Russian word "beautiful," not actual red color