Book provides principles and basic treatment of wastewater. Historical development and current status of wastewater treatment are discussed. Future directions include health concerns and energy recovery. Treatment plants, process selection, and reliability are covered
Enthalpy (H) measures heat exchange between reaction and environment. Enthalpy change (∆H) determines whether reaction is exothermic or endothermic. Enthalpy calculation uses formula: ∆H = m × s × ∆T
Blue-violet flames reach temperatures up to 3,000°F (1,650°C). Violet flames can burn up to 3,000°F (1,650°C). Blue flames indicate optimal fuel-oxygen conditions
Aluminum is Earth's most abundant metallic element, found in outer crust. First isolated by Ørsted in 1825, commercial production by Hall and Héroult in 1886. Used in pottery, chemicals, and medicines for thousands of years
Ferrosilicon contains 15-90% silicon by weight. Produced by reducing silica with coke in presence of iron. Available in 15%, 45%, 75%, and 90% silicon formulations. Contains about 2% iron and other elements like aluminum and calcium
Absorption is the process of substances entering bulk phase of materials. Sorption covers absorption, adsorption, and ion exchange. Physical absorption follows Nernst distribution law without chemical reactions. Chemical absorption involves reactions between absorbed and absorbing substances